[162] The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species of game fish, including seven species of trout, walleye, and smallmouth bass[163] and at least 29 species of game birds and animals including ring-neck pheasant, grey partridge, elk, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, whitetail deer, gray wolf, and bighorn sheep.[164]. [41] In the 1880s, Helena (the state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. Eight smaller communities have airports designated for commercial service under the Essential Air Service program.[302]. [247] James Willard Schultz ("Apikuni") from Browning is most noted for his prolific stories about Blackfeet life and his contributions to the naming of prominent features in Glacier National Park.[248]. The Water Court consists of a chief water judge and four district water judges (Lower Missouri River Basin, Upper Missouri River Basin, Yellowstone River Basin, and Clark Fork River Basin). (The Public Service Commission's jurisdiction is statewide.). [11] When Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory. [202], While the largest European-American population in Montana is German (which may also include Austrian and Swiss, among other groups), pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Most of the larger cities get 30 to 50 inches or 0.76 to 1.27 meters of snow each year. [23] While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led Whites to believe the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions. [307][308], In 1971, Montana voters approved the call for a state constitutional convention. Montana is one of the best spots in North America for seeing wildlife. Eastern Montana comprises plains and badlands, broken by hills and isolated mountain ranges, and has a semi-arid, continental climate (Kppen climate classification BSk). Our university's continued excellence is reliant on the generosity of alumni, friends, parents, faculty and staff. It also applies to "luxuries"- defined by law as any item normally sold to the public or to transient visitors or tourists that does not include food purchased unprepared or unserved, medicine, medical supplies and services, appliances, hardware supplies and tools, or any necessities of life. Montana is the only state in the union without a modern naval ship named in its honor. Billings [313], The 1972 constitution requires that voters determine every 20 years whether to hold a new constitutional convention. Montana is the only one of the first 48 states lacking a completed battleship being named for it. [240] The first school year was scheduled to begin in January 1866, but severe weather postponed its opening until March. [126] The Clark Fork discharges the greatest volume of water of any river exiting the state. When a suitcase full of money disappears, the members of the gang quickly turn on each other. Contents 1 Indigenous peoples 2 Louisiana Purchase 3 Lewis and Clark Expedition 4 First settlements 5 Military history 5.1 Fort Benton 5.2 Fort Ellis 5.3 Fort Shaw 6 Montana Territory 7 Indian Wars 7.1 Battle of the Little Big Horn 7.2 Northern Cheyenne exodus The area west of the divide has a modified northern Pacific Coast climate, with milder winters, cooler summers, less wind, and a longer growing season. The District Courts suffer from excessive workload, and the legislature has struggled to find a solution to the problem. "[209] It is the only state in the U.S. with such a constitutional mandate. This changed in 1959 when Lee Enterprises bought several Montana newspapers. The most notable were the Marias Massacre (1870), Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876), Battle of the Big Hole (1877), and Battle of Bear Paw (1877). The constitution requires the establishment of a Montana Supreme Court and Montana District Courts, and permits the legislature to establish Justice Courts, City Courts, Municipal Courts, and other inferior courts such as the legislature sees fit to establish. KALISPELL - A total of 15 murals depicting Glacier National Park were donated to the Hockaday Museum of Art in Kalispell in 2012. The Montana Senate is, as of 2021, controlled by Republicans 31 to 19, and the House of Representatives is currently 67 to 33. It is the second-largest House district by area, after Alaska's at-large congressional district. [89] It causes the Waterton River, Belly, and Saint Mary rivers to flow north into Alberta, Canada. The governor is Greg Gianforte, a Republican elected in 2020. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie. Population (2020) 1,084,225. Montana has no official nickname but several unofficial ones, most notably "Big Sky Country", "The Treasure State", "Land of the Shining Mountains", and "The Last Best Place". Independent state agencies not within a department or office include the Montana Arts Council, Montana Board of Crime Control, Montana Historical Society, Montana Public Employees Retirement Administration, Commissioner of Political Practices, the Montana Lottery, Office of the State Public Defender, Public Service Commission, the Montana School for the Deaf and Blind, the Montana State Fund (which operates the state's unemployment insurance, worker compensation, and self-insurance operations), the Montana State Library, and the Montana Teachers Retirement System. [165], Areas managed by the National Park Service include:[166], Montana is a large state with considerable variation in geography, topography and elevation, and the climate is equally varied. [90][125] The Pend Oreille River forms the outflow of Lake Pend Oreille. Our university's continued excellence is reliant on the generosity of alumni, friends, parents, faculty and staff. March 2 March 4, 2023. Our state profiles bring you all key population characteristics of your state and your county on one page. In addition, there are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state. These lands are managed by the state for the benefit of public schools and institutions in the state. [131] The Missouri enters North Dakota near Fort Union,[132] having drained more than half the land area of Montana (82,000 square miles (210,000km2)). It is the fourth-largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California,[75] and the largest landlocked state. [120][121] Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. [53] Significant drops occurred following the drought in 1919. With an area of 147,040 square miles (380,800km2),[1] Montana is slightly larger than Japan. The largest mining operations were at Butte, with important silver deposits and expansive copper deposits. [316] It is an equitable distribution and no-fault divorce state. COVID-19 Vaccine Availability by County Still, there are some spots that stand out. While Roman Catholicism was the largest single Christian group in the state, mainline and evangelical Protestantism dominated the Christian landscape collectively. [189] The city having the largest percentage growth was Kalispell, with 40.1%, and the city with the largest increase in actual residents was Billings, with an increase in population of 14,323 from 2000 to 2010. Eastern Montana . [128], East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers near Three Forks,[129] flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. [287] In 2013, AARP The Magazine named the Billings Clinic one of the safest hospitals in the United States. The Montana Worker's Compensation Court was established by the Montana Workers' Compensation Act in 1975. The lone congressional district has been Republican since 1996, and its Class 2 Senate seat has been held by Republican Steve Daines since 2014. [279] Yellowstone National Park also allows cross-country skiing. As of August2021[update], the state's unemployment rate is 3.5%.[237]. [130] From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks to Fort Peck reservoir. 2022 Alpine Motel 909 West Yellowstone, MT 2022 Garden Wall Inn 350 Whitefish, MT 2022 SpringHill Suites by Marriott Bozeman 485 Bozeman, MT from $173/night 2022 Yellowstone Riverside Cottages 386 Gardiner, MT from $107/night 2022 Country Inn & Suites By Radisson 489 Land United States: The northern Mountain region Montana The western two-fifths of Montana falls within the Rocky Mountains, and the eastern three-fifths lies upon the Great Plains. [201] The state's seven reservations include more than 12 distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups. [13], As part of the Missouri River watershed, all of the land in Montana east of the Continental Divide was part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. [290] [55], As World War I broke out, Jeannette Rankin, representative of Montana and the first woman in the United States to be a member of Congress, voted against the United States' declaration of war. Job openings are down from 2,919 in 2022 to 2,700 in 2023, but there are still more openings than in 2021. [184] During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which had a 32% increase in its population from 2000 to 2010. In addition, Montana was going through a temporary period of higher-than-average precipitation. [21] The Montana Historical Society, founded on February 2, 1865, in Virginia City, is the oldest such institution west of the Mississippi (excluding Louisiana). Between 1988 and 2006, the pattern flipped, with voters more likely to elect conservatives to federal offices. In 1881, the Utah and Northern Railway, a branch line of the Union Pacific, completed a narrow-gauge line from northern Utah to Butte. Many Native Americans were among those who served, including soldiers from the Crow Nation who became Code Talkers. With Kyra Sedgwick, Stanley Tucci, Robin Tunney, Robbie Coltrane. Historic tribes encountered by Europeans and settlers from the United States included the Crow in the south-central area, the Cheyenne in the southeast, the Blackfeet, Assiniboine, and Gros Ventres in the central and north-central area, and the Kootenai and Salish in the west. [24] The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891. You can make a real difference in the lives of students. United States presidential election results for Montana. Its rivers feed the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Bay. Montana is one of only two contiguous states (along with Colorado) that are antipodal to land. Discover miles of inspiration here, and find out for yourself. [67] In addition, the Council of Defense was made a state agency with the power to prosecute and punish individuals deemed in violation of the Act. The first school year ran through the summer and did not end until August 17. Montana is the sixth coldest state in the nation and the eastern section of big sky country sees the chilliest winter temps. A new constitution was drafted, which made the legislative and executive branches much more equal in power and which was much less prescriptive in outlining powers, duties, and jurisdictions. [55] Then, the droughts of 19171921 proved devastating. Montana (/ m n t n / ()) is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States.It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. There are no intermediate appellate courts. When so authorized by the legislature, actions of executive branch agencies may be appealed directly to a District Court. [14][15] The trading post Fort Raymond (18071811) was constructed in Crow Indian country in 1807. The U.S. Constitution provides each state with a single representative, with additional representatives apportioned based on population. [53] Also, most settlers were from wetter regions, unprepared for the dry climate, lack of trees, and scarce water resources. [293] There are 25 television stations in Montana, representing each major U.S. [282] West Yellowstone offers a large selection of trails and is the primary starting point for snowmobile trips into Yellowstone National Park,[283] where "oversnow" vehicle use is strictly limited, usually to guided tours, and regulations are in considerable flux. Montana Old West Ghost Towns Private VIP Tour - From West Yellowstone MT 2 Bus Tours from $350.00 per adult Indy 650 Snowmobile Rental 7 Rentals from $199.00 per group (up to 2) Combo: Scenic Drive & 2hr Snowshoeing Tour in Glacier National Park 2 Adventure Tours from $375.00 per adult (price varies by group size) Top Attractions in Montana See all MONTANA: 2020 Census Montana Population Topped the 1 Million Mark in 2020 August 25, 2021 Written by: America Counts Staff America Counts today launches a state-by-state look at the demographic changes the new 2020 Census results reveal. The mountain ranges block the moist Pacific air, holding moisture in the western valleys, and creating rain shadows to the east. Joseph K. Toole, Governor of the State of Montana: Classes were taught by Mr. Its state capital is Helena, while the largest city is Billings. All waters in Montana west of the divide flow into the Columbia River. In 1985, the Montana Legislature passed a law allowing towns with fewer than 5,500 residents and unincorporated communities with fewer than 2,500 to levy a resort tax if more than half the community's income came from tourism. Everyone wants the money and Heron, in the west, receives the most precipitation, 34.70 inches (881mm). The state is situated in the Northern Rockies and Plains region in the northwestern United States. No textbooks were used in the school. Its size is comparable to countries such as Norway, Zimbabwe, and Japan. The council also passed rules limiting public gatherings and prohibiting the speaking of German in public. Through the mid-20th century, the state had a tradition of "sending the liberals to Washington and the conservatives to Helena". [210] Each Indian reservation in the state has a fully accredited tribal college. Montana is a state in the United States. View Montana Towns By Population. [202] Many of Montana's historic logging communities originally attracted people of Scottish, Scandinavian, Slavic, English, and Scots-Irish descent. Elections in the state have been historically competitive, particularly for state-level offices. The aptly-named Heart of Montana is an outdoor recreation paradise: hunting, fishing, skiing, hiking and biking are just a few of the possibilities for those of you who enjoy the great outdoors. MONTANA: 2020 Census Montana Population Topped the 1 Million Mark in 2020 August 25, 2021 Written by: America Counts Staff America Counts today launches a state-by-state look at the demographic changes the new 2020 Census results reveal. Forests cover about 25% of the state. The Montana Legislature is bicameral and consists of the 50-member Montana Senate and the 100-member Montana House of Representatives. Montana currently has 129 active incorporated municipalities, of which 76 are towns, 51 are cities and 2 are consolidated city and county governments. [124] Farther downstream, it is joined by the Flathead River before entering Idaho near Lake Pend Oreille. You can make a real difference in the lives of students. [315], Montana has three branches of state government: legislative, executive, and judicial. March 2 March 4, 2023. [168] An area southwest of Belfry averaged only 6.59 inches (167mm) over a 16-year period. These clashes, in part, contributed to the Panic of 1873, a financial crisis that delayed the construction of the railroad into Montana. [239] Another early subscription school was started by Thomas Dimsdale in Virginia City in 1863. Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. [29], Cattle ranching has been central to Montana's history and economy since Johnny Grant began wintering cattle in the Deer Lodge Valley in the 1850s and traded cattle fattened in fertile Montana valleys with emigrants on the Oregon Trail. Voters approved the legalization of gambling, a bicameral legislature, and retention of the death penalty. Discover miles of inspiration here, and find out for yourself. Robinson. [138] Montana also claims the disputed title of possessing the world's shortest river, the Roe River, just outside Great Falls. Every gift, no matter the size, helps Montana State fulfill its land grant mission and provides unparalleled educational opportunities for future generations. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. The 1889 constitution mimicked the structure of the United States Constitution, as well as outlining almost the same civil and political rights for citizens. [210] South Dakota passed similar legislation in 2007, and Wisconsin was working to strengthen its own program based on this modeland the current practices of Montana's schools. Montana Territory became one of the territories of the United States on May 26, 1864. At the state level, the pattern of split-ticket voting and divided government holds. Hell Roaring Creek begins in southern Montana, and when combined with the Red Rock, Beaverhead, Jefferson, Missouri, and Mississippi River, is the longest river in North America and the fourth longest river in the world. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. [22] In 1869 and 1870 respectively, the CookFolsomPeterson and the WashburnLangfordDoane Expeditions were launched from Helena into the Upper Yellowstone region. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. The legislature meets in the Montana State Capitol in Helena in odd-numbered years for 90 days, beginning the first weekday of the year. The southern third of the Bitterroot range blends into the Continental Divide. [26], Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for many centuries, were being destroyed. However, public opinion grew increasingly negative towards them in the 1890s, and nearly half of the state's Asian population left by 1900. Everyone wants the money and This represented a manpower contribution to the war that was 25% higher than any other state on a per capita basis. [65], An economic depression began in Montana after World War I and lasted through the Great Depression until the beginning of World War II. Montanas Official Tourism, Travel & Vacation Info Site If the horizon was endless, where would you go? The state provides epic scenery, crowd-free terrain, a burgeoning food and drink scene, and some of Americas most breathtakingly stunning national parks. Native survivors who had signed treaties were generally required to move onto reservations. Eastern Montana . [42], The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65km2) of federal land in the Midwest and western United States. The state spans from below the 45th parallel (the line equidistant between the equator and North Pole) to the 49th parallel, and elevations range from under 2,000 feet (610m) to nearly 13,000 feet (4,000m) above sea level. The property's value is multiplied by a tax rate, set by the Montana Legislature, to determine its taxable value. [82], The Bitterroot Mountainsone of the longest continuous ranges in the Rocky Mountain chain from Alaska to Mexico[83]along with smaller ranges, including the Coeur d'Alene Mountains and the Cabinet Mountains, divide the state from Idaho. She referred to Butte throughout the rest of her career and remains a controversial figure there for her mixture of criticism and love for Butte and its people. Email agent. Montanas Official Tourism, Travel & Vacation Info Site If the horizon was endless, where would you go? Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). [182], Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and three cities with populations over 50,000: Missoula, Great Falls and Bozeman. Image: pxfuel 1. Yes, it certainly is for those looking for wide open spaces and easy access to natural wonders like the Rocky Mountains and Glacier National Park, Montana can be the ideal place to raise a family or to start your educational Journey at Montana State University in beautiful Bozeman. The first schools were subscription schools that typically met in the teacher's home. Montana's Official State Website - VISITOR INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT RESIDENTS BUSINESS ONLINE SERVICES GOVERNMENT VISITING ABOUT MONTANA EDUCATION STATE CAREERS JOB SEEKER RESOURCES INFORMATION AND RESOURCES MONTANA JOB SERVICE RESOURCES INTERACT WITH YOUR STATE GOVERNMENT In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution accepted by the people and the federal government. [59] In the wake of ramped-up mine production and the Speculator Mine disaster in June 1917,[59] Industrial Workers of the World organizer Frank Little arrived in Butte to organize miners. [130] Major tributaries of the Yellowstone include the Boulder,[147] Stillwater,[148] Clarks Fork,[149] Bighorn,[150] Tongue,[151] and Powder Rivers. [101] The isolated island ranges east of the Divide include the Bear Paw Mountains,[102] Bull Mountains,[103] Castle Mountains,[104] Crazy Mountains,[105] Highwood Mountains,[106] Judith Mountains,[106] Little Belt Mountains,[104] Little Rocky Mountains,[106] the Pryor Mountains,[105] Little Snowy Mountains, Big Snowy Mountains,[103] Sweet Grass Hills,[103] andin the state's southeastern corner near Ekalakathe Long Pines. [241] The first legislature authorized counties to levy taxes for schools, which set the foundations for public schooling. However, the 1889 Montana constitution significantly restricted the power of state government, the legislature was much more powerful than the executive branch, and the jurisdiction of the District Courts very specifically described. Montana's Official State Website - Home Featured Resources Election Results File Your Tax Return or Where's my Refund File Upload for W-2s, 1099s & MW-3s Montana REAL ID File an Unemployment Claim Online Driver License Renewal Education Donation Portal Search for a Job Renew your Professional License Hunting Information Register A Business The coldest month varies between December and January depending on location, although figures are similar throughout. [322], Montana has voted for the Republican nominee in all but two presidential elections since 1952. The health care, service, and government sectors are also significant to the state's economy. Montana is home to diverse fauna including 14 amphibian,[155] 90 fish,[156] 117 mammal,[157] 20 reptile,[158] and 427 bird[159] species. 1 bath. The Clark Fork of the Columbia (not to be confused with the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River) rises near Butte[123] and flows northwest to Missoula, where it is joined by the Blackfoot River and Bitterroot River. Montana is called the Treasure State because of its immense mineral wealth. [303][304], Montana is governed by a constitution. Pressure over land ownership and control increased due to discoveries of gold in various parts of Montana and surrounding states. The larger cities get 30 to 50 inches or 0.76 to 1.27 meters of each. Elections since 1952 two contiguous States ( along with Colorado ) that are antipodal to land Native Americans among... Square km ) smaller communities have airports designated for commercial service under the Air... Likely to elect conservatives to federal offices the foundations for public schooling lives... Gift, no matter the size, helps Montana state fulfill its land montana fwp staff directory and. 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